Recent
Noise
Publications
"Noise-Parameter Measurement with Automated Variable Terminations"
D. Gu, D.K. Walder, and J. Randa, CPEM 2008 Digest, pp. 706 - 707, Broomfield, CO, June 2008.
"Uncertainty Analsysi for Noise-Parameter Measurements"
J. Randa, CPEM 2008 Digest, pp. 498 - 499, Broomfield, CO, June 2008.
"Uncertainty Analysis for NIST Noise-Parameter Measurements"
J. Randa, NIST Technical Note TN1530, March 2008.
"Simulations of Noise-Parameter Verification Using Cascade with Isolator or Mismatched Transmission Line"
J. Randa, K. Wong, and R. Pollard, 70th ARFTG Conference Digest, pp. 77 - 83; Tempe, AZ; Nov. 2007.
"Standards Development for Remote Sensing at Microwave and Terahertz Frequencies"
J. Randa, E. Gerecht, D.K. Walker, A. Cox, D. Gu, L. You, and R.L. Billinger, International Conference on Measurement and Metrology (ICMM-2007) General Reports, pp. 33 - 42; Beijing, China; Sept. 2007.
"On-Wafer Measurement of Transistor Noise Parameters at NIST"
J. Randa and D.K. Walker, IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas., vol. 56, no. 2, pp. 551 - 554, April 2007.
"Merits of PM Noise Measurement Over Noise Figure: A Study at Microwave Frequencies"
A. Hati, D.A. Howe, F.L. Walls, and D.K. Walker, IEEE Trans. Ultrason., Ferroelect., Freq. Contr., vol. 53, no. 10, pp. 1889 - 1894, Oct. 2006.
"Proposal for Development of a National Microwave Brightness-Temperature Standard"
J. Randa, A.E. Cox, and D.K. Walker, Proc. SPIE, Vol. 6301, 630105 (Sept. 2006)
"Proposed Development of a National Standard for Microwave Brightness Temperature"
J. Randa, A.E. Cox, and D.K. Walker, International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS-2006) Conference Digest, Denver, August 2006.
"Preliminary Studies of Electromagnetic Properties of Microwave Absorbing Materials used in Calibration Targets"
A.E. Cox and M.D. Janezic, IGARSS-2006 Conference Digest, Denver, August 2006.
"Initial Results from the Infrared Calibration and Infrared Imaging of a Microwave Calibration Target"
A.E. Cox, J.J. O'Connell, and J. P. Rice, IGARSS -2006 Conference Digest, Denver, August 2006.
"On-Wafer Noise-Parameter Measurements at NIST"
D.K. Walker and J. Randa, CPEM 2006 Digest, pp. 656 - 657, Torino, Italy, July 2006.
"Terahertz Radiometer Design for Traceable Noise-Temperature Measurements"
E. Gerecht, D. Gu, J. Randa, D. Walker and R. Billinger, CPEM 2006 Digest, pp. 660 - 661, Torino, Italy, July 2006.
"Reverse Noise Measurement and Use in Device Characterization"
J. Randa, T. McKay, S.L. Sweeney, D.K. Walker, L. Wagner, D.R. Greenberg, J. Tao, and G.A. Rezvani, 2006 IEEE Radio Frequency Integrated Circuits (RFIC) Symposium Digest, pp. 345 - 348, San Francisco, June 2006.
"Precision Measurement Method for Cryogenic Amplifier Noise Temperatures Below 5 K"
J. Randa, E. Gerecht, D. Gu, and R.L. Billinger, IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory & Techniques, vol. 54, no. 5, pp. 1180 - 1189, March 2006.
"Interlaboratory Comparison of Noise-Parameter Measurements on CMOS Devices with 0.12 um Gate Length"
J. Randa, S.L. Sweeney, T. McKay, D.K. Walker, D.R. Greenberg, J. Tao, J. Mendez, G.A. Rezvani, and J.J. Pekarik, 66th ARFTG Microwave Measurements Conference Digest, pp. 77 - 81, Washington, DC (2005).
"Errors
Resulting From the Reflectivity of Calibration Targets"
J. Randa, D.K. Walker,
A.E. Cox, and R.L. Billinger, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote
Sens., vol. 43, no. 1, pp. 50 - 58, (2005).
"Standard
Radiometers and Targets for Microwave Remote Sensing"
J. Randa, A.E. Cox,
D.K. Walker, M. Francis, J. Guerrieri, and K. MacReynolds,
2004 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS
2004) Digest, paper 2TU_30_10, Anchorage, AK (2004).
"Errors
Due to the Reflectivity of Calibration Targets"
J. Randa, D.K. Walker, A.E.
Cox, and R.L. Billinger, 2004 International Geoscience and Remote
Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2004) Digest, paper 4TH_70_02, Anchorage, AK
(2004).
"Nonlinear
Modeling of Tunnel Diode Detectors"
D.K. Walker, K.J. Coakley,
and J.D. Splett, 2004 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing
Symposium (IGARSS 2004) Digest, paper 8ITH_14_11, Anchorage, AK (2004).
"Linking
Microwave Remote-Sensing Measurements to Fundamental Noise Standards"
J. Randa, D.K. Walker, M.
Francis, and K. MacReynolds, 2004 Conference on Precision
Electromagnetic Measurements Digest, pp. 465 - 466, London (2004).
"Radiometric
Measurements of a Near-Ambient, Variable-Temperature Noise Standard"
G. Free, J. Randa, and
R.L. Billinger, 2004 Conference on Precision Electromagnetic
Measurements Digest, pp. 414 - 415, London (2004).
"Systematic
Errors in Noise Parameter Determination Due to Imperfect Source
Impedance Measurement"
W. Wiatr and D.K. Walker,
2004 Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements Digest, pp.
416 - 417, London (2004).
"Amplifier
noise-parameter measurement checks and verification"
J. Randa and D.K. Walker,
63rd ARFTG Conference Digest, pp. 41 - 45, Ft. Worth, TX (2004).
"Traceability for
microwave remote-sensing radiometry"
J. Randa,
NIST Interagency Report, NISTIR 6631, June 2004.
"Noise
figure vs. PM noise measurements: a study at microwave frequencies"
A. Hati, D.A. Howe,
F.L. Walls, and D. Walker, IEEE 2003 International Frequency
Control Symposium Digest.
"Noise-parameter
uncertainties: A Monte Carlo simulaton"
J. Randa, J. Re. Natl.
Inst. Stand. Technol. 107, 431 – 444 (2002).
"Monte Carlo estimation of
noise-parameter uncertainties"
J. Randa and W. Wiatr, IEE
Proceedings—Science, Measurement and Technology, vol. 149, 333
– 337 (2002).
"Simulations
of noise-parameter uncertainties"
J. Randa, 2002 IEEE MTT-S
International Microwave Symposium Digest, pp. 1845 – 1848,
Seattle, WA (2002)
"Vector
corrected noise temperature measurements"
M.H. Weatherspoon, L.P.
Dunleavy, A. Boudiaf, and J. Randa, 2002 IEEE MTT-S International
Microwave Symposium Digest, pp. 2253 – 2256, Seattle, WA (2002).
"The
30/60 MHz tuned radiometer—The NIST system for noise temperature
measurements"
C.A. Grosvenor and R.L.
Billinger, NIST Technical Note 1525 (March, 2002).
"Noise-parameter
uncertainties from Monte Carlo simulations"
J. Randa and W. Wiatr,
Digest of the 2001 British Electromagnetic Measurement Conference,
Harrogate, U.K. (2001).
"Noise
characterization of multiport amplifiers" .
J. Randa, IEEE Trans.
Microwave Theory & Techniques, vol. 49, no. 10, pp. 1757–1763
(2001)
"Stability
measurements on noise sources"
J. Randa, L.P. Dunleavy, and
L.A. Terrell, IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas., vol. 50, no. 2, pp.
368–372 (2001).
"International comparison: Noise
temperature of coaxial (GPC-7) sources"
J. Randa, J. Achkar, F.-Im.
Buchholz, T. Colard, D. Schubert, M. Sinclair, J. Rice, and G.
Williams, Metrologia, vol. 37, pp. 351–352 (2000).
"NFRad—Review
of the new NIST noise measurement system"
C. Grosvenor, J. Randa, and
R.L. Billinger, 55st ARFTG Conference Digest, pp. 135–144;
Boston, MA (2000)
"Multiport
noise characterization and differential amplifiers"
J. Randa, 55st ARFTG
Conference Digest, pp. 106–115; Boston, MA (2000).
"Noise-source
stability measurements"
J. Randa, L.P. Dunleavy, and
L.A. Terrell, 2000 Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements
Digest (Sydney, Australia), pp. 445–446 (2000).
"Design and
testing of NFRad--A new noise measurement system"
C. Grosvenor, J. Randa, and R.L.
Billinger, NIST Tech. Note 1518 (March, 2000).
Selected Earlier Publications
Noise
Standards
"The noise temperature of an arbitrarily shaped microwave cavity with application to a set of millimeter wave primary standards"
W.C. Daywitt, Metrologia, 30, pp. 471 – 478 (1994).
"A derivation for the noise
temperature of a horn-type noise standard"
W.C. Daywitt, Metrologia, 21, pp.
127 – 133 (1985).
"A
coaxial noise standard for the 1 GHz to 12.4 GHz frequency range"
W.C. Daywitt, NBS Tech. Note 1074
(March, 1984).
"Design and error analysis for
the WR10 thermal noise standard"
W.C. Daywitt, NBS Tech. Note 1071
(December, 1983).
Noise-Temperature Measurements
"Uncertainties in NIST noise-temperature
measurements"
J. Randa, NIST Tech. Note
1502 (March, 1998).
"Noise-temperature measurement system for
the WR-28 band"
J. Randa and L.A. Terrell,
NIST Tech. Note 1395 (August, 1997).
"Radiometer noise equation for
noise comparison radiometer"
D.F. Wait, IEEE Trans. Instrum. and
Meas., 44, pp. 336 – 339 (April, 1995).
"Radiometer
equation and analysis of systematic errors for the NIST automated
radiometers"
W.C. Daywitt, NIST Tech. Note 1327
(March, 1989)
"Measurement of effective
temperatures of microwave noise sources"
J.S. Wells, W.C. Daywitt, and
C.K.S. Miller, IEEE Trans. Instrum. and Meas., IM-13, pp. 17 – 28
(March, 1964).
International Comparisons
"International
comparison of thermal noise-temperature measurements at 2, 4, and 12
GHz"
J. Randa, J. Achkar, F.-Im.
Buchholz, T. Colard, D. Schubert, M. Sinclair, J. Rice, and G.
Williams, IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas., vol. 48, no. 2, pp. 174–177
(1999).
"PTB-NIST bilateral comparison of
microwave noise power in coaxial transmission line"
D.F. Wait, G.J. Counas, W. Kessel,
and F.-I. Buchholz, IEEE Trans. Instrum. and Meas., 40, pp. 449 –
454 (April, 1991).
Amplifier Noise
Measurements
"Amplifier noise
measurements at NIST"
D.F. Wait and J. Randa, IEEE
Trans. Instrum. Meas., IM-46, pp. 482–485 (1997).
"Application of radiometry to the accurate
measurement of amplifier noise"
D.F. Wait and G.F. Engen, IEEE
Trans. Instrum. and Meas., 40 (2), pp. 433 – 437 (April, 1991);
corr. 42, p. 78 (February, 1993).
"An automated precision noise
figure measurement system at 60 GHz"
D.R. Boyle, F.R. Clague, G.R.
Reeve, D.F. Wait, and M. Kanda, IEEE Trans. Instrum. and Meas., IM-21,
pp. 543 – 549 (November, 1972).
"A new method of characterizing
amplifier noise performance"
G.F. Engen, IEEE Trans. Instrum.
and Meas., IM-19, pp. 344 – 349 (November, 1970).
On-Wafer
Noise
"On-wafer
measurements of noise temperature"
J. Randa, R.L. Billinger,
and J.L. Rice, IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas., vol. 48, no. 6, pp.
1259–1269 (1999).
"Characterization
and applications of on-wafer diode noise sources"
L. Dunleavy, J. Randa, D.
Walker, R. Billinger, and J. Rice, IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory &
Techniques, MTT-46, pp. 2620–2628 (1998).
"Noise
temperature measurements on wafer"
J. Randa, NIST Tech. Note 1390 (March, 1997)
Other
"Comparison
of adapter characterization methods"
J. Randa, W. Wiatr, and R.L.
Billinger, IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory & Techniques, vol. 47, no.
12, pp. 2613–2620 (1999).
"Single-port technique for
adapter efficiency evaluation"
S.P. Pucic and W.C. Daywitt, 45th
ARFTG Conference Digest, pp. 113 – 118, Orlando, FL (May, 1995).
"Determining
adapter efficiency by envelope averaging swept frequency reflection
data"
W.C. Daywitt, IEEE Trans.
Microwave Theory and Tech., MTT-38 (11), pp. 1748 – 1752 (Nov.,
1990).
"Thermal noise from a passive
linear multiport"
D.F. Wait, IEEE Trans. Microwave
Theory and Tech., MTT-16 (9), pp. 687 – 691 (Sept., 1968).
"Noise standards, measurements,
and receiver noise definitions"
C.K.S. Miller, W.C. Daywitt, and
M.G. Arthur, Proc IEEE, 55 (6) pp. 865 – 877 (June, 1967).
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